P. 3–14
SMECTITES OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS
P. Bilonizhka, O. Matkovskyi
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskyi St. 4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: mineral@franko.lviv.ua
Distribution, chemical composition, crystallochemical features and genesis of smectites from metasomatites and bentonitic clays of Trans-Carpathians, flysch of Carpathians and clays of fringe-zone of Pre-Carpathians foredeep are described. It is found out that in Trans-Carpathians smectites are represented by montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, and their varieties. In Carpathians flysch montmorillonite closely associates with hydromica and chlorite, also is present in unregulated mixed-layered phases of hydromica–montmorillonite, hy-dromica–chlorite and forms the partly regulated phase of hydromica–montmorillonite in scolite. In bentonitic clays in flysch there is mainly a ferrous variety of montmorillonite, and beidellite is rare. In salt-bearing clays of Pre-Carpathians foredeep montmorillonite is only in unregulated mixed-layered formations of hydromica–montmorillonite, and there are no phases of smectites. Montmorillonite is the rock-forming mineral of Pre-Carpathians upper molassa clays. Smectites have been formed during alterations of effusive rocks, tuffs, volcanic ash, and also from hydrothermal solutions. They are the important indicators of volcanic influence on mineral forming in marine sedimentary basins and of physical and chemical conditions of sedimentary rocks post-sedimentary alterations.
Key words: smectites, metasomatic rocks, bentonitic clays, chemical composition, crystal-lochemical formulae, genesis, Ukrainian Carpathians.
P. 15–27
BASIC ACTUAL PROBLEMS
OF PRIMARY DIAMOND DEPOSITS FORECASTING AND PROSPECTING
M. Zinchuk
Western-Yakutia Scientific Centre of Republic Sakha (Yakutia) Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation, Mirny
E-mail: nnzinchuk@rambler.ru
Basic problems of forecasting and prospecting of primary diamond deposits of kimberlite types have been briefly analyzed on the example of the Siberian platform diamondiferous regions. The main attention has been paid to prospecting of kimberlite diatremes by diamonds proper, having specific typomorphic features both in primary deposits and in those placers of various genesis which had been formed due to washout of the primary ones. Analysis of chronological and genetic aspects of formation of diamondiferous and potentially diamondi-ferous magmatites of the Siberian platform has been performed on the main historical-mineragenetic stages of Palaeogene and Neogene. In order to increase efficiency of forecasting-prospecting works on diamonds one should sufficiently expand investigations on all dif-ferent in age distribution stages of potentially diamondiferous magmatites, by which primary deposits of diamonds are known on the African platform, while on the Siberian platform the basic volume of prospecting is concentrated on the search of Middle-Palaeozoic productive kimberlites. Multiplicity of centres of potentially diamondiferous magmatism with their gravi-tation to peripheral parts of the platform has been assumed for the Early Cambrian stage, as well as a great variety of useful component transporters. In contrast to this formation of dia-mondiferous magmatites during the Phanerozoic stage took place predominately in the central areas of the platform.
Key words: diamond, kimberlite, magmatic rocks, Siberian platform, African platform, historical-mineragenetic stages, Phanerozoic.
P. 28–43
ONTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF USEFUL MINERALS –
THE BASIS OF DISCOVERING AND VALUATION
OF MINERALS TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
B. Pyrogov
Russian Institute of Mineral Raw Material, Moscow, Russian Federation
Å-mail: mineralogy@vims-geo.ru
The various aspects of the ontogenetic analysis employment for discovering and valuation of minerals technological properties on the example of different types of useful minerals have been analysed.
Key words: mineral, technological mineralogy, ontogenetic analysis, mineral-technological researches, integrated geological-technogenetic system.
P. 44–52
TWO TYPES OF GRAPHITE GRAINS IN THE KRYMKA (LL3.1) CHONDRITE
V. Semenenko, À. Girich
Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of NASU
Acad. Palladin Av. 34a, UA – 03680 Kyiv-142, Ukraine
E-mail: cosmin@i.ua
Results of mineralogical study of two types of graphite grains, which differ in sizes, shapes and character of distribution and are first discovered in the Krymka chondrite, and in meteorites generally, are given. First of them is disposed inside of a porphyritic chondrule and has a melted nature, and second does within of a fine-grained rim of the chondule as a metamorphic mineral. It is postulated that different nature of the graphite grains is caused by distinctive physical-chemical processes of a primary C-bearing matter transformation.
Key words: meteorite, chondrule, fine-grained rim, graphite, genesis.
P. 53–66
MODELLING OF LAYERED TITANIUM-BEARING GABBRO INTRUSIONS FORMING AND ESTIMATION OF THEIR ORE-BEARINGNESS
(UKRAINIAN SHIELD)
L. Galetskyi, O. Remezova
Institute of Geological Sciences of NÀSU
Î. Honchar St. 55b, UA – 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
E-mai: geos@geolog.kiev.ua
remezova-e@mail.ru
The geological and petrochemical data on the ledge deposits and occurrences of apatite-ilmenite ores in the layered ore-bearing massifs of the Êorosten’ complex of the Ukrainian Shield have been examined. On the basis of re-interpretation of geological data on layered ore-bearing gabbro intrusions two models of their origin, structure and chemical features, which determine directions and strategy of searches of ledge titanium ores within the limits of Koros-ten’ and Korsun’-Novomyrhorod plutons, are offered.
Key words: layered ore-bearing intrusion, oxidation-reducing differentiation, gravitational segregation, Korosten’ complex, Ukrainian Shield.
P. 67–74
TRACE ELEMENTS IN SULPHIDES OF THE KAPITANIVSKYI ULTRABASIC MASSIF AND THEIR PROGNOSIS AND PROSPECTING SIGNIFICANCE
R. Bochevar1, V. Guliy2
1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Vasylkivska St. 90, UA – 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
E-mail: ruslana-kra@ukr.net
2Ukrainian State Geological Prospecting Institute
Avtozavodska St. 78, UA – 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
E-mail: vgul@ukr.net
Geological characteristics and space distribution features of sulphides from the Kapitanivskyi ultrabasic massif (Ukrainian Shield) are resulted. Trace elements in sulphides have been investigated. Comparison of sulphide’s trace elements in the Kapitan³vsky ultrabasic massif and different formational type deposits of the world is made. The presence of sulphide copper-nickel platinum-containing ores is grounded in the massif.
Key words: sulphides, trace elements, ultrabasic massif, ore formation, deposit, Ukrainian Shield.
P. 75–88
POSITION OF NATIVE COPPER IN THE PROCESSES OF HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION OF THE VOLYNIAN SERIES BASALTS
L. Skakun, I. Mysyak
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskyi St. 4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: mineral@ franko.lviv.ua
Hydrothermal mineralization developed on two types of substrate (volcanic glass and palagonite) has been investigated. Consecutive changes of paragenesises have been set in the vertical cut of lava flow (from lava-clastic breccia to the central part): smectite + chlorite ± calcite + analcime + stilbite; smectite + chlorite ± stilbite; smectite + chlorite ± stilbite + mordenite + chalcedony + quartz + K-feldspar ± native silver. Connection of copper with these paragenesises has been established, and specified crystallization of native copper and quartz has been proved. The process which resulted in the deposit of native copper has been reconstructed. The accumulation of native copper took place in the front of mixing of meteor solutions and solutions of deep origin under conditions of contrast temperature, ðÍ and redox potential.
Key words: native copper, quartz, paragenesis, hydrothermal process, basalts, Volynian region.
P. 89–96
MORPHOLOGY AND INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OF MICROSPHERULES (UKRAINE)
S. Bekesha, I. Yatsenko
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskyi St. 4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
Å-mail: Yatsenko1941@list.ru
Different types of specific ore and glass particles (balls) from different deposits of Ukraine are described. Spherules have been classified by their morphology and internal structure. The conclusion is made that ore spherules could form in reduce conditions of deep explosive processes (fluidization).
Key words: spherules, morphology, internal structure, magnetite, glass, technogenic ma-terial, reduce conditions, explosives process, Ukraine.
P. 97–105
DICKITE AND NACRITE FROM CRIMEA FLYSCH FORMATION
Î. Azarska, L. Skakun, P. Bilonizhka
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskogo St. 4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: mineral@franko.lviv.ua
Results of investigation of dickite and nacrite aggregates from low-temperature hydrother-mal veinlets in Crimea Flysch formation have been described. Nacrite have been discovered for a fact for the first time in Ukraine. The structure of nacrite and dickite has been specified by Rietveld refinement method, and quantitative composition of mineral aggregate has been determined. Dickite and nacrite aggregates were formed in the opened cracks in sandstones by rapid crystallization from hydrothermal solutions under high oversaturated conditions.
Key words: dickite, nacrite, crystalline structure, hydrothermal veinlets, Flysch formation, Crimea.
P. 106–115
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THERMAL DEHYDRATION
OF BADENIAN GYPSUM CLAY MINERALS
FROM THE SHCHYRETS AND PISKY QUARRIES
Ya. Yremchuk1, V. Kochubey2
1²nstitute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of NASU
Naukova St. 3à, UA – 79060 Lviv, Ukraine
E-mail: slava.yaremchuk@gmail.com
2National University “Lvivska Politehnika”
Stepan Bandera St. 12, UA – 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
On the basis of data obtained by complex thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, it was possible to consider special features of thermal dehydration of clay minerals in evaporites of sulphate-carbonate stage of halogenesis (taking the Badenian gypsum from the Shchyrets and Pisky quarries as an example). Mineral association of the studied samples was determined by X-ray diffraction. It is composed of dioctahedral smectite and illite, trioctahedral chlorite and mix-layered chlorite/smectite and illite/smectite. Data of studies have allowed us to determine the Mg-Fe content of chlorite and the presence of Fe3+ in the structure of smectite predominatig in the described association. Thermal studies of multiphase system with known mineral composition enable us not only to confirm the mineral association, determined by data of X-ray diffraction, or to verify it, but to ascertain the structural peculiarities of individual mineral phases.
Key words: clay minerals, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, evaporites, gypsum, Badenian, Western Ukraine.
P. 116–121
LITHOLOGIC CODEX OF UKRAINE
M. Koval’chuk
Institute of Geological Sciences of NAS of Ukraine
Î. Honchar St. 55b, UA – 01601 Kyiv-54, Ukraine
E-mail: kms1964@ ukr.net
The stages of development and conditions of lithologic researches in Ukraine are reflected. The necessity of creation of the Lithologic codex of Ukraine is founded and its contents and basic purposes are elucidated.
Key words: lithology, codex, Ukraine.
P. 122–128
PETROGRAPHIC-PETROCHEMICAL ASPECTS
OF THE UPPER VENDIAN TERRIGENOUS ROCKS FORMING
(SOUTH-WESTERN PART OF THE EAST-EUROPEAN PLATFORM)
T. Sokur
Institute of Geological Sciences of NASU
O. Honchar St. 55b, UA – 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine
E-mail: Sokur@ua.fm
Lithological and petrochemical investigations of Upper Vendian terrigenous rocks from the south-western part of the East-European Platform have been conducted. On the basis of the got results with the use of geochemical constants the sources of clastic material and composi-tion of delivering areas have been discovered, as well as the zones of different mineral-forming.
Key words: terrigenous rocks, petrochemistry, Upper Vendian, East-European Platform.
P. 129–135
PETROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KARADAG VOLCANIC ROCKS
Î. Chernitsyna
Crimean Branch of UkrSGRI
Êirov Av. 47/2, UA – 95017 Simferopol', Ukraine
E-mail: shirkunov@yahoo.com
Petrochemical description of the volcanic rocks of Êàràdàg is presented. Volcanites belong mainly to tholeiitic associations, and in a less measure – to the rocks of subalkaline series.
Key words: volcanic rocks, chemical composition, normative composition, tholeiitic associations, subalkaline series, Êàràdàg, Crimea peninsula.
P. 136–147
MODEL OF LEACHING, KARST-FORMING AND SELF-ISOLATION
OF EASILY SOLUBLE SALTS FROM SALT-CLAY SUBSURFACE LAYERS
OF BRINE RESERVOIRS AND SALT DUMPS
OF THE PRE-CARPATHIAN POTASSIUM DEPOSITS
V. Dyakiv, K. Tsar
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskogo St. 4, UA – 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
Å-mail: khrystynatsar@gmail.com
Salt-clay sediments which have been stored in brine reservoirs and salt dumps leach in the case of interacting with the atmospheric precipitates, and it predetermines formation of the second brine. Karst-forming of subsurface layer and its deformation is the result of the second brine effluence outside the places of storing. As a result of atmospheric precipitates pene-tration on a depth the processes of salt leaching are depressed. The self-isolation of lower salt-clay sediments takes place due to freeing and deposition of terrigenous minerals. Because of the protracted interaction of atmospheric precipitates with the isolated salt-clay deposits there is diminishing of easily soluble salts dissolution at the identical amount of precipitations. All of it results in diminishing of salt concentration, and it causes evolutional changes of ontogenetic features of new-forming mirabilite.
Key words: salt-clay sediments, brine reservoir, salt dumps, model, leaching, karst, self-isolation, ontogenesis, mirabilite, Pre-Carpathian region.
P. 148–152
METHODS OF INTENSIFICATION OF MINERALS AND ORES
BACTERIAL OXIDIZATION AND LEACHING PROCESSES
M. Serebryana, N. Tonkova
Oles Honchar National University of Dnipropetrovsk
Gagarin Av. 72, UA – 49010 Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
E-mail: cdep@mail.dsu.dp.ua
The main factors which regulate activity of biotechnological process of ore leaching are resulted. Physical and chemical methods, affecting pulp, which provide intensification of extraction of metals, are described.
Key words: biotechnological process, ores and metals, leaching of ore, pulp.
P. 153–158
SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “STATE AND PROSPECTS OF MODERN GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION AND SCIENCE”, DEDICATED
TO THE 65TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF IVAN FRANKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LVIV
O. Matkovskyi, Ye. Slyvko
P. 159–162
JORNEY TO MONGOLIA
O. Matkovskyi