Studies have separated the western part of the Ukrainian Shield into four granitemetamorphic complexes: Bug granulite, Sob granulite diaftoric-granite, Tykych ambifolite-granite and Teteriv granite-gneiss-slate. These include stratogenic metamorphic complexes, as well as pluto-metamorphic and intrusive formations, with which they form the structural layers of the megablocks. The content of the Bug, Sob and Tykych complexes are dominated by the pluto-metamorphic formations, which were created as a result of ultra-metamorphism. The decisive role in their formation was played by the initial (original)* supercrystal formations, with a rather limited role of inflow-outflow of petrogenic components. During ultra-metamorphism, the transformation of supercrystal formations included crystalblastese, anatexis and post-anatexic metasomatose. The ratios of the components of petrogenesis of the pluto-metamorphic formations vary significantly across complexes. The isotope geochronic data suggest that metamorphism and ultra-metamorphism in different complexes began sequentially, proceeded in synchrony for a long time in different structural layers, and ended approximately simultaneously, as a result of a general cratonization of the foundation approximately 1,9–2,0 billion years ago.
Key words: Ukrainian shield, early Precambrian foundation, granite-metamorphic complexes, pluto-metamorphic formations, supercrystal formations, structural layers, metamorphism, diaftorese, ultra-metamorphism, isotopic geochronology.
Foundation of Lower Precambrian greenstonestone belts has highly heterogeneous structural-formation and age-dependent properties. It consists of two structuralformation complexes on all ancient platforms shields. First one is charnokit-granulite which is not spread wide and second is plagiogranite-amphibolite which is dominating in the granit-greenstone areas. Typomorphic properties of those structural-formation complexes are common in the area of all ancient platforms. Recent researches confirms that popular presentations of recent decades about homogeneity of ”grey gneiss associations“ are not confirmed neither by results geological nor of radiological information.
Key words: structural-formation complex, plutonical complex, plutonic-methamorphic complex, greenstone belts.
The necessity of formation into a separate type of fluidizate-explosive and clastite rocks is motivated. Position of clastitic formations among other rocks associations is described. The questions of terminology are considered. The spectrum of useful components, related to fluidizate-explosive activity, is selected.
Key words: formation, clasts, clastites, wackes, tuffs, Paleoproterozoic, Ukraine.
Evolved for the first time on the boundaries of the East-European platform Carpathian-Balkan and Black Sea-Caspian regions planetary geodynamic system of the long-living transparent transregional lineaments – megazones of fracturing which control the position of the largest ore- and oil-gas-bearing regions is discussed in the article. Study of transregional megazones of fracturing opens the new perspectives for the estimation of mineragenic potential, first of all for evolving of large deposits and localization of searches in the dynamic junctions of the megazones of fracturing.
Key words: ore concentrated megazones, sublatitude zone, activization, tectonics, fracture, ore-bearing zone, Ukrainian shield, Carpathian.
The correlation mantle thermo state from possible temperature variations on coremantle region are showed and Earth’s mantle thermo model is constructed. The obtaining mantle’s temperature from observes about the thermal flooding including factor uncertainty, which connected with complexity determination crust’s component from the results of interpretation of the observer thermal flooding. It should be noted about correlation between thermal process convection into mantle and value of thermal flooding in the Earth’ crust.
Key words: convection, thermodynamic characteristics, mantle density.
In this work is presented method of investigation of the stress state of mountain rocks with the purpose of estimation of bed porous pressures in the case of small values of stress modules relaxation with the application of finite elements method. Modelling results are managed for an estimation and prognosis of bed pressure of the stresed state of mountain rocks.
Key words: mountain rock, stress state, bed pressure, modelling, finite elements method.
Lower-Middle Paleozoic structural-formational complexes (SFC) in the North- East Fergana are studied. Its volcanogenic formations are characterized. Basic members of volcanogenic formations are compared. Actual interpretation of geodynamic regimes of Lower-Middle Paleozoic structural-formational complexes are made. Lateral ranges of contemporaneous SFC re determined within north margin of Turkestan paleocean.
Key words: North-Eastern Ferghana , South Tien-Shan, Middle Tien-Shan, Paleozoic, volcanogenic formation, structural-formational complex, basalt, ophiolite magmogenezis.
An iodine in the rocks ores and minerals as was revealed on the basis of analysis generalization of iodine geochemistry results is exceptionally in dispersed state. It is absorbed by alive organismes from the marine and ocean waters as principal reservoir
of its accumulation. After organismes dying off its remains subside on to the bottom of water basins and enrich muds and sedimentary rocks by iodine. As result of organic remains decay an iodine passes into muddy and underground waters. Genetical connection between iodine increased content in underground waters and oil deposits was determined. An iodine in underground waters of the oil-bearing basins as was concluded is oil organic origin index.
Key words: iodine, marine water, alive organismes, sedimentary rocks, organic remains decay, underground water, oil-bearing basins.
The description of the location of the coal seam v6 in the section of the coalbearing v6 formation is given as well as the change of its geological structure and the thickness in the geological-commercial and coal-bearing regions. For the first time it was possible to reveal the initial coal-forming plant material by using anatomicmorphological method and to describe it in detail. It was proved that coalified phytomass predominates over mineral admixtures in the medium-seam samples, that macerals of vitrinite group play the main role in the organic matter of coal, and macerals of inertinite group predominate in guantity over macerals of liptinite group, microgradients of clarain and durain predominate over clarain-durain and durain-clarain. According to signs found in microsections, coal is low-regenerative of a-type and transitional of ab-type. The index of vitrinite reflection inconstant in the seam section (0,90–1,03 per cent) and increases naturally from 0,51–0,55 per cent in the north-west of the basin to 0,86–1,35 per cent in the south-west.
Key words: coal, coal seam v6, coal-bearing formation, geological structure of seam, coal-forming plants and tissues, microgradient maceral, regenative ability, index of vitrinite reflection.
Coal-forming plants, it’s vertical and lateral changes, petrographic and chemical composition, technological properties, coal trade-marks and quality are described. Changes of geological structure and thickness of layer in 647 wells, spreading squares with thickness in 0,5 m and more; 0,30–0,49 m ³ 0,05–0,29 m are distinguashed. Quality of methane, generazed from phitomases during the coal and plat forming of different technological trade-marks and common gas-generational potential are calculated to every groups.
Key words: coal-forming plants associations, phytomasses, peat, coal, macerals, microingradients, quality and technological mark of coals, methane, methanegenerational potential.
History of discovery and exploration of manganese ores in the early Eocene sediments (Bystrycka svita) of the Carpathians is considered in detail. Analysis of works of Polish and Ukrainian geologists from 30th years of the 20th century to the present times has been done. It is concluded that study of manganese ores in this region is unsystematic and fragmentary. Concrete recommendations to the following investigation and possibilities of practical use of this uncommon formation of nature have been proposed.
Key words: Pokytski Carpathians, Bystricka suite, carbonate manganese ores, carbomix.
As result of chemical enrichment of the Stebnyk deposit potassium-magnesium salts great mass of the wastes kept in the tailings has formed. Chemical and salty composition of the bittern salts of tailings was studied as well as was determined that it is presented by secondary deposit of potassium-magnesium salts and sodium chloride. Mineral composition of the clayey material and salts of the solid phase of the wastes was investigsted and were also outlined measures connected with its burial and liquidation of ecological safety.
Key words: Stebnyk deposit, potassium-magnesium salts, wastes, tailings, bittern salt, chemical composition, solid phase, mineral composition, environment pollution.
The article deals with hydrogeological conditions of Lviv–Volyn coal basin, water horizons, hydrogeochemical zones, which are separated in vertical section in Volyn-Podil artesian basin.
Key words: Lviv-Volyn’ coal basin, Volyn-Podil artesian basin, water horizon, hydrogeochemical zone.
Stone tools are very important historic artifacts and evidence of the first geological explorations and the first used minerals for stone age man. This information is very interesting for the first students practices of geology faculty and presents historical geology knowledges of Podillia and gives information about using geology industry in stone age are oportunity.
Key words: stone tools, pebble, flint, Luka-Vrublåvetska.
Character of vertical distribution of magnetic susceptibility in sedimentary carbonic rocks of the Dnipro-Donetsk depression has been studied using the susceptimetry data. Large potentials of the method have been demonstrated in separation of sedimentary masses. Comparative analysis of the study results with logging investigations, paleontological and petrographic data has enabled us to identify the lithologic complexes and breaks on the boundary of sediment formations between the upper and lower Vise sub-layer and to extrapolate them laterally.
Key words: magnetic susceptibility, sedimentary breaks, sedimentary rocks.