GEOLOGY AND OIL- AND GAS-BEARING OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS
AND THEIR FOREDEEPS (A VIEW FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY)
Y. Krupsky
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: viddil_ngg@i.ua
Investigation of geology of the Carpathian region is elucidated. The geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Carpathians and adjacent geological regions is studied and the geological structure of the region is shown in accordance with the lithospheric plates theory. Oil- and gasbearing of the region and its further prospects are considered.
Key words: Carpathian region, geological investigation, geology, geodynamics, lithospheric plates theory, oil- and gas-bearing.
PRINCIPLES OF DISTINGUISHING, FEATURES, CLASSIFICATION AND GENESIS
OF THE OLISTOSTROMES AND MELANGES OF THE UKRAINIAN
CARPATHIANS
O. Hnylko
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals
Naukova Str. 3a, 79060, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
Features, genesis, classification, principles of distinguishing the mixtites (olisthostromes and melanges) at the Ukrainian Carpathians are disputed. Olisthostromes are subdivided according to the M.G. Leonov`s (1981) classification into gravitational, tectonogravitational mixtites and non-divided mixed ones. Tectonogravitational mixtites were formed in the front of the moving nappes and fixed the main stage of nappe building in Carpathians (from the Early Cretaceous to Miocene). Monomict melange is wide extending tectonic mixtite at the Outer Carpathians and Carpathian foredeep (Inner zone). It consists of both brittle and plastic tectonites. Olisthostromes are characterized by the diagnostic sedimentary features, melanges – by the tectonic features.
Key words: olisthostrome, melange, mixtites, genesis, Ukrainian Carpathians, sedimentation, tectonic nappe.
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE PARASHKA THUST SHEET
OF THE SKYBA STRUCTURE-FACIAL ZONE IN THE BASIN OF THE RIVER TOPILNICHANKA
(MIDDLE STREAM OF THE DNISTER RIVER, THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS)
L. Generalova
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: zaggeol@franko.lviv.ua
Structural joint paragenesis are studied, the types of the folds of the the Parashka thrust of the Skyba nappe of the Ukrainian Carpathians in the basin of Topilnichanka river - the right tributary of the Dnister river.
Key words: Skyba structure-facial zone, Parashka thust, slice, joints, folds, structural paragenesis.
INFLUENCE OF THE VOLCANISM ON THE AUTIGENIC FORMING
OF THE SILICATES IN THE FLYSCH OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS
P. Bilonizhka1, I. Popp2
1Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: mineral@franko.lviv.ua
2Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals
Naukova Str. 3a, 79060, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
The results of the studies of the autigenic silicates – glauconite, skolite, smectites, and silicits are presented. Based on the literature data and own investigations the review is considered about their origin. It is concluded that glauconite, skolite and smectites were formed from the products of the halmirolise of the pyroclastic rocks mainly from volcanic ash and hydrothermal solutions by interaction with sea water.
Silicites were formed as the result of the biogenic siliceous piling. The main source of the dissolved silicon in the sea water were fumarol-hydrothermal solutions which favored the violent development of diatomaceous algae and another silicon organisms.
Key words: flysch, volcanism, authigenic forming, glauconite, skolite, smectites, silicits, silicon organisms, Ukrainian Carpathians.
INTERACTION DESIGN GEOLOGICAL PROCESS
IN EARTH’S CRUST AND MANTLE MODELLING
V. Fourman, M. Khomjak, L. Khomjak
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: fourman@franko.lviv.ua
Main problems of tectonics are considered and review of the main problematic questions governed ways of the investigations of the physical picture not only for the structures but also for the processes and interactions in the deep shells of our planet are made. Depending on the convergence speed, age of the lithosphere and direction of the moving plates that interacted several subduction zones are distinguished. It is pointed out that investigation of the deep structure, composition and geodynamics of the continental and oceanic lithosphere gives the possibility to distinguished the system connected with global processes of Earth’s development (rifts, uncompensated deeps, continents, oceans).
The numeral integration technique to calculate the gravity anomalies of the geological bodies of complex geometry and different densities using the finite element approach and Gauss’ formulas is developed. In the two-dimensional case the solution algorithm of the direct gravity problem based on MS Excel is proposed. Its implementation in the program language VBA to simulate the test and modelling problems is used. The prospect of the further researches relatively more realistic three-dimensional problems as soon as software development is specified.
Key words: gravity, thermodynamics, tectonics, structure of the Earth, modeling, deep processes, physical modeling, deep structure, Geodynamics of lithosphere.
SHALE GAS OUTPUT of OLESKO SEGMENT-QUALITY THREAT
OF DRINKING FRESH AND MINERAL UNDERGROUND WATERS
V. Kharkevich1, Y. Misiura2
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
1Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: admingeo@franko.lviv.ua
2Lviv Department of UkrSGPI, Pasichna Str., 38a, Lviv, 79038
e-mail: lv_ukrdgri@polynet.lviv.ua
Lithology-stratigraphic and tectonic characteristics of Oleskivskyi area have been described in the article. An overview of methods il for shale gas output has been done. Hydrological horizons revealed in the cut area Oleskivskyi have been described in more details and complexes, which are threatened by chemical pollution during plans realisation for shale gas extracted.
Key words: shale gas, frac or fracking reservoir, water bed, water-bearing complex, discharge.
THE GNEISS-GRANODIORITE FORMATION
OF ROS-TIKICH MEGABLOCK OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD
А. Lysak, V. Pаshchenkо, О. Sаvіnа
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: vl_pasha@mail.ru
The features of composition and structure of one of formation of Ros-Tikich megablock of the Ukrainian shield are considered, insolvency of supposition is shown about its diaphthoresis nature.
Key words: Ukrainian shield, megablock, structurally-formation complex, formation, association, gneiss, granite, granodiorite.
PHOSPHORITES FROM PALEOGENE DEPOSITS OF CRIMEA
P. Bilonizhka, Yu. Datsyuk
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: mineral@franko.lviv.ua
Distribution of phosphorites in the Cretaceous Paleogene deposits of the Mountain Crimean is described. The mineral composition and microstructural features of phosphorites, deposited at the base of calcareous sandstones of Danish stage and the contact of marl clay of tanst and glauconite clays of Ypr on the right side of river Bodrak is studied. According to x-ray data analysis, phosphorites are represented by carbon-fluorite-apatite with impurities of calcite, quartz, glauconite and pyrite. Electron-microscope studies have revealed the coccolithophores, net bacterial formations and fragments of sponges. Based on our studies and literature it is concluded that the main source of phosphorous were the underwater hydroterms which entered shelf zones of marine basins. The heightened amount of phosphorous has made favorable conditions for development of coccolithophores and other organisms which have accumulated phosphorus. After their death the release of phosphorous release and the formation of phosphorite have occurred.
Key words: phosphorites, x-ray analysis, carbon-fluorite-apatite, electron microscopic studies, coccolithophores, hydrofluids, glauconite, the shelf zone, Mountain Crimea.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
VITRAINS THE OF LVIV-VOLYN BASIN, THAT FORMED OF FABRICS
OF DIFFERENT PLANTS
V. Uziuk, E. Uziuk, I. Shaynoha
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: chigvo@Rambler.ru
The remnants of the early carbon plants stems (phytoleima) of Lepidodendrons, Botrodendrons, Sigillaria, Calamites and the Cordaites stem wood, which lay in the rocks of different composition and facies belonging, discovered in the mine workings of the mine, are microscopically studied, described and tested. The vitrains samples of 17 (seventeen) phytoleimas are studied by the complex of carbon-petrological, -chemical and technological methods. The influence of the systematic plants belonging, the anatomic belonging of their stems vitrainized fabrics as well as the petrological composition and the facies peculiarities of the phytolemic rocks on the vitrains content of moistyre, ash, common sulphur, carbon, hydrogen, volatile substances, on the vitrains caking, their combustion heat and the index of reflection is defined and described in detail. The technological brand and the goup of the vitrains metamorphism of each sample are defined in accordance with the complexes of the research results. The vitrains created from the peryderma of Lepidodendrons, Botrodendrons, Sigillaria and Calamites are included to brand “G” (gass), the “1 G” metamorphism group, and more metamorphosed vitrains from the xylene of the cordaites trunk wood- to brand “Zh” (gass), the “1 Zh” metamorphism group. This technological brand difference is caused not by difference thermodynamic earth interior, but the systematic plants belonging, the anatomic peculiarities of the vitrainized fabrics and the lithologically-facies peculiarities of the vitrain-containing rocks.
Key words: vitrain, phytoleima, Lepidodendron, Botrodendron, Sigillaria, Calamite, Cordaite, brand, metamorphism.
ABOUT BUG SUITE AGE OF LVIV-VOLYN BASIN BY PALYNOLOGICAL DATA
A. Ivanina, J. Gonyk
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: zaggeol@franko.lviv.ua
It is determined that deposits of Bug suite of Lviv-Volyn basin (LVB) are with different age by palynological data. Two palynozones: lower Raistrikia nigra–Bellispores nitidus (NN) (Serpukhovian) and upper Neoraistrikia splendidus–Raistrikia fulva (SF) (Bashkirian), are defined and characterized. Considerable renovation of spores and pollen composition is distinguished at the level of coal bed n7, that is the boundary of this zones. This level is proposed as the global stratotype point of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Lower and Upper Carboniferous) boundary in Lviv-Volyn basin.
Key words: palynology, stratigraphy, palynozones, boundary of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Lower and Upper Carboniferous), Lviv-Volyn basin.
REVIEW OF THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
OF COALBED MORPHOLOGY OF THE LVIV-VOLYN COAL BASIN
M. Matrofailo
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals
of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Naukova Str., 3a, Lviv, 79060, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
Importance and basic substance of the morphological analysis while studying coalbeds and coal formations were considered. Its main task was cited which consisted in obtaining detailed information on the thickness and structure of coalbeds, in clarification of the changeability of these parameters in areas of some plots, fields and the whole territory of the basin owing to wash out, splitting, substitution, pinching out as well as in determination of special features and explanation of formation of such or another modern morphology of coalbeds, and in studying of the history of their development. A brief historical review of rocks was stated as well as the methods, by which morphological studies were executed, and the modern state of knowledge of the coalbed morphology of the Lviv-Volyn Coal Basin. A scientific and practical value of morphological studies, which enable us to study a number of questions concerning the formation and structural changes of coal-bearing formations as well as the necessity of their further development, was emphasized.
Key words: coalbed, morphological analysis, splitting, geological-commercial typification, morphological map.
PROGNOSIS-SEARCHING CRITERIA AND SIGNS OF GOLD MINERALIZATION
WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE SAVRANSKYI ORE FIELD
O. Shvayevs’kyi, Yu. Paknyushchyi, O. Lytvynovych
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: shvayevskiy@ukr.net
Apart from May’ske deposit of gold within the Dnister-Buh geoblock several deposits are distinguished. Based on the generalization of information about the geological structure the main criteria and signs of gold mineralization of the Savranskyi ore field are presented. Among them the main are geophysical, structural, tectonic, petrographic, mineralogical, mineralogical– physical, thermobaric geochemical ones.
Key words: deposit, anomaly, metosomatite, ore bearing, ore zone, sulfide mineralization.
FEATURES OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND GENESIS
OF TURONIAN FLINT OVOID CONCRETIONS
FROM KREMENETS' REGION (VOLYNO-PODIL'SKA PLATFORM)
S. Kryzhevych
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: zaggeol@franko.lviv.ua
The structure of Turonian flint concretions from Kremenets' region have been investigated (East-European platform). The series of methods – silicate chemical analysis, quantitative spectral analysis and mass-spectrometric analysis of gases from microinclusions – has been used. The conclusion about the presence of primary silica accumulations on the bottom of Cretaceous sea and their subsequent transformation in concretions has been made.
Key words: concretion, flint, Turonian age, East-European platform.
TERRANE ANALYSIS AND GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE CARPATHIANS
O. Hnylko
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals
Naukova Str., 3a, Lviv, 79060, e-mail: gnylko_o@mail.ru
The tectonic units of the Carpathians are considered in terms of the terrane analysis. Carpathathian orogen is build up of three main elements: microcontinental terranes, sutures and flysch-molasse accretionary prism. There are two main terranes: a northern ALCAPA and a southern Tisza-Dacia. Sutures (Fore-Marmarosh suture, Pieniny Klippen Belt), marking the ancient oceanic basins, bound these terrane. The Flysch Carpathians are regarded as the Cretaceous- Neogene accretionary prism. Growing the prism was caused by the Alpine subduction of the Carpathian Flysch basin basement beneath both the ALCAPA and Tisza-Dacia terranes. At the Cretaceous-Paleogene time the Fore-Marmarosh flysch prism was formed in the front of Tisza-Dacia terrane and the Pieniny Klippen Belt Monastyrets–Magura Dukla prism was builded in the foreland of ALCAPA one. These two Cretaceous-Paleogene inner prisms are divided by the Stryj-Latorytsa shear-zone. At the Neogene time amalgamated inner accretionary prisms incorporated the outer flysch-molasse units.
Key words: Carpathians, tectonics, accretionary prism, subduction, terranes, nappes, flysch.
GEOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF MINERALOGENESIS
OF CALCIUM SULFATE IN SYSTEMS TRANSPORTING BRINE
OF POTASSIUM DEPOSITS PRECARPATHIAN
Kh. Tsar, V. Dyakiv
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Hrushevskij Str. 4, Lviv, 79005, e-mail: khrystynatsar@gmail.com
Reasons of origin of sulfate calcium are set from the brine of the potassium deposits of Precarpathian. It is distinguished that major geochemical condition of crystallization of mineral new formations on the technical equipment is satiety in a brine. Thermodynamics conditions of crystallization are supercooling and overburning of water solution, and also falloff of pressure.
Key words: brine, brine reservoir, calcium sulfate, anhydride, basanite, crystallization, the pressure-thermal conditions.
BERYLLIUM-7 IN THE SURFACE ATMOSPHERE
OF THE CHERNOBYL REGION
G. Batrakov2, L. Bogdan1, D. Kremenchutsky2, А. Nazarov1
1State Specialized Scientific-Production Enterprise “ECOCENTER”
the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine
Karl Liebknecht Str., 10, Chernobyl, 07270
2Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Kapitanskaya Str., 2, Sevastopol, 99011, e-mail: nazarov42t@rambler.ru
This study deals with long-term (during five years, from July 2005 to May 2010) measuring of the activities of cosmogenic radionuclide 7Be in the surface atmosphere of the Chernobyl region. The results suggest, mean activity concentration of 7Be equal 3,0 ±0,18 mBq/m3, the highest values observed during the late spring early summer, and minimum – in the autumn. In this study, we distinguished link between the variation of the activity concentration of 7Be in surface air and meteorological parameters. The analysis found that the concentration of radionuclides in the surface atmosphere of the Chernobyl region significantly affects the air temperature.
Key words: 7Be, surface atmosphere, temperature, humidity, wind speed, amount of precipitation, solar activity.
LOSSES OF SCIENCE
TO MEMORY OF MYROSLAVA DMYTRIVNA BONDARENKO
V. Dyakiv, Yu. Borutska
OLEKSANDR ROMANOVICH LYTVYNOVYCH (TO LIGHT MEMORY OF COMRADE)
O. Shvayevs’kyi, Yu. Pakhnyushchyi, T. Reva, O. Matkovskij
CHRONICLE
ABOUT THE ALL- RUSSIANS CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION THE GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE SITUATIONS OF SUBDUCTION, COLLISIONS AND SKIDDING OF SIAL FLAGS
AND 60-YEAR FROM THE BIRTHDAY OF ACADEMICIAN OLEKSANDR IVANOVICH KHANCHUK
O.Matkovskij, M. Pavlun’, A. Sivoronov
SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES, CONVENTION
V. Uziuk, G. Gotsaniuk, P. Bilonizhka
MEETINGS WITH GRADUATES
O. Matkovskij, P. Bilonizhka
LIST OF STUDENTS THAT WERE GRADUATED FROM IVAN FRANKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
OF L’VIV AT 2011 YEAR